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My hope is that this series has shed some light on what lambda calculus is. And that representation looks no different than any other data you manipulate in your daily programming job. You are now the proud author of an interpreter! Compilers and interpreters usually look like mythical beasts, but they are simply programs that manipulate some representation of a program. Uncaught RangeError: Maximum call stack size exceeded Victory! We can also blow the Node.js interpreter by asking it to evaluate the never-ending term Ω we introduced in part 3. Since we start at top level, evaluation uses an empty context. We define the identity function using our representation, and then ask to evaluate its application to the number 3. Let’s open a Node.js REPL and load our file with the definition of the constructors and the evaluate function. This corresponds to the notion of head normal form, which one usually hears in the context of laziness in Haskell. If your application does not have a function in front, we also stop evaluation. The rest of the cases are left unchanged: if you have a function, we do not look inside the body. As a result, we can use the de Bruijn index in a variable literally as an index for that list! case 'var': By doing so, the list is ordered from innermost to outermost argument. The fact that a has been added at the front of the context is not an arbitrary choice. For example, the application of the identity function to the number 3 is going to look as follows: The technical name for this is reification: we turn something that only existed implicitly that we couldn’t inspect into something we can manipulate within our language. Instead, we are going to introduce a data structure that explicitly represent our lambda terms. The first step is to stop using JavaScript expressions to represent our lambda terms. So at the end of this post, you’ll have an interpreter for lambda calculus running on top of an interpreter for JavaScript! You know, it’s turtles all the way down. Wait a minute! Weren’t we already representing lambda terms as JavaScript functions? Indeed, that’s what we were doing in the previous parts of the series: use the fact that JavaScript is a superset of lambda calculus to piggyback on an interpreter to execute our lambda terms. In this post, we are going to step back and write our own evaluator for lambda terms. It has been a fun ride, and we have seen how numbers, recursion, data types, everything can be encoded within the three restrictive rules we described in part 1. Welcome to the final installment of our lambda calculus using JavaScript tour. This article was originally published at on February 10, 2021. We used the same Kessil A360X LED light mounted 8" from the water's surface for each and every test. We set this up just like one of our BRStv Investigates lighting tests, taking a grid of PAR measurements from the top, middle, and bottom area of the tank. PAR Measurements Using Different Colored Backgrounds We then set up an experiment to test the severity of this effect using different colored tank backgrounds including black, blue, light blue, white, and even a mirrored look to help all of you make the best choices for your own tank background. Since having a black or otherwise colored (blue) background is so common among aquarists, we are taking this a step further to find out exactly how and why that PAR drop occurs. This is because the tank we use to take those measurements has a black background. We also see this phenomenon in all of our BRStv Investigates light testing videos where we consistently get lower PAR values on the back half of the tank. Watch BRStv Investigates: Have You Been Misled About Your Reef Tank Light’s PAR? Biggest Light Testing Mistake: Water vs Air We demonstrated how this works with a laser in our previous BRStv Investigates where we explored how reflection and refraction alter the output of our aquarium lights, specifically PAR measurements. Rather than reflect the light back into your tank like the transparent glass walls, the black wall absorbs the light resulting in lower PAR values. Painting the back wall of your aquarium black will result in up to 33% less PAR in the back area of your tank. mp3download.toīest for online downloading MP3 audio without installing any software Check the top free online YouTube to MP3 converters and their instructions if you're interested in. That's the reason why a number of users are prone to use online services to free download and convert MP3 audio from YouTube video on Mac. Instead, only a stable network connection and a web browser are required. 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Johnson Mathey's sister company Alfa Aesar was the first company to introduce carbon disulfide in the form of pressurized bottle containing a solution of pressurized nitrogen, coupling agent, stablizer, and carbon disulfide, with an active carbon disulfide content of 85%. Worldwide exports of this chemical are negligible. Commercial AvailabilityĬS 2, being highly flammable and having one of the lowest autoignition temperatures, cannot be transported easily using commercial means. This conversion proceeds via the intermediacy of thiophosgene, CSCl 2.ĬS 2 is a ligand for many metal complexes, forming pi complexes. Sodium reduces CS 2 to give the heterocycle "dmit 2-": 3 CS 2 + 4 Na → Na 2C 3S 5 + Na 2Sĭirect electrochemical reduction affords the tetrathiooxalate anion: 2 CS 2 + 2e - → C 2S 4 2- ChlorinationĬhlorination of CS 2 is the principal route to carbon tetrachloride: CS 2 + 3 Cl 2 → CCl 4 + S 2Cl 2 Both xanthates and the related thioxanthates (derived from treatment of CS 2 with sodium thiolates) are used as flotation agents in mineral processing. This reaction is the basis of the manufacture of regenerated cellulose, the main ingredient of viscose rayon and cellophane. Material Safety Data Sheet or SDS for Carbon disulfide 75-15-0 from chemicalbook for download or viewing in the browser. Nucleophiles such as amines afford dithiocarbamates: Printing date Version Number 2 Reviewed on 48.1.26 1 Identification Product identifier Trade name:Carbon Disulfide Part number:RCC-175 CAS Number: 75-15-0 EC number: 200-843-6 Index number: 006-003-00-3 Application of the substance / the mixtureReagents and Standards for Analytical Chemical. It is widely used in the synthesis of organosulfur compounds such as Metham sodium, a soil fumigant. These differences in reactivity can be attributed to the weaker π donor-ability of the sulfido centers, which renders the carbon more electrophilic. Although it is structurally similar to carbon dioxide, CS 2 is highly flammable:Ĭompared to CO 2, CS 2 is more reactive toward nucleophiles and more easily reduced. The reaction is analogous to the combustion of methane. A lower temperature reaction, requiring only 600 ☌ utilizes natural gas as the carbon source in the presence of kieselgel or alumina catalysts: CH 4 + 1/2 S 8 → CS 2 + 2 H 2S CS 2 once was manufactured by combining carbon (or coke) and sulfur at high temperatures. Small amounts of carbon disulfide are released by volcanic eruptions and marshes. Workers may be harmed by carbon disulfide. ' n - Butyl alcohol 71-43-2 71-36-6 Carbon disulfide Carbon tetrachloride Chlorobenzene Chloroform 1,2 - Dichloroethane 1,1. It can harm the eyes, kidneys, blood, heart, liver, nerves, and skin. Exposure can cause dizziness, poor sleep, headache, anxiety, anorexia, weight loss, and vision changes. 3.1 Pressurized Liquid Nitrogen Based Sample Carbon disulfide (CS 2) is a colorless liquid with an ether-like odor.Before placing in container D, check the pH with pH Universal indicator strips (Cat.No. To neutralize alkyl sulfates, add dropwise (from a dropping funnel) to concentrated ice-cool Ammonia solution (Cat.No. Chemical names: Carbon disulfide, CS2 carbon bisulfide dithiocarbonic anhydride. Alkyl sulfates are carcinogenic Take particular care to avoid inhalation and skin contact. Meets ACS Specifications, Meets Reagent Specifications for testing USP/NF monographs GR ACSĬX0395-6 and CX0395-5 are packaged in poly coated glass bottlesĩ Carcinogenic compounds and flammable compounds labelled "Highly toxic" or "Toxic": container F. CAS Common Chemistry is provided under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4. The only way VTEC PRESS SW = ON when we have disconnected the vtec pressure switch connector is if we have a short to ground on the BLU/BLK wire or a short to ground inside the PCM. In an open circuit the BLU/BLK wire will measure 12v and we have artificially made the VTEC PRESS SW = OFF. Well, if we disconnected the vtec pressure switch connector, we have made an open circuit. Then in step 8 it says, check to see if VTEC PRESS SW = ON. Disconnect vtec pressure switch connector. That’s all basically checking oil level and confirming the P2646 is still present. Ok, now that we are on the same page, take a look at the P2646 algorithm listed. Potential causes of P2646 would then either be:ġ.Computer shorted to ground at BLU/BLK pin, abnormally reading 0VĢ.BLU/BLK wire shorted to ground, abnormally reading 0vģ.vtec pressure switch stuck in closed position, always in continuity, 0vĤ.vtec pressure switch not getting sufficient oil pressure to open the switch, such as in a a) bad solenoid not opening, b) clogged vtec spool valve screens, or c) low engine oil pressure (from a multitude of causes) In English, when the PCM activates the solenoid, it expects the vtec pressure switch to respond by saying it sees pressure. To say it in a different way, if we ever have a situation where VTEC SOL=ON and VTEC PRESS SW=ON, that means a P2646 code will appear. P2646 is vtec pressure switch circuit LOW, which means that the computer was expecting 12v on the wire, but got 0V on wire. VTEC SOL = ON, 12v on GRN/YEL wire, VTEC PRESS SW = OFF, 12v on BLU/BLK wire. VTEC SOL = OFF, 0V on GRN/YEL wire, VTEC PRESS SW = ON, 0V on BLU/BLK wire. This causes the PCM to read 12v on the BLU/BLK wire.Ī scanner will read the PCM data VTEC SOL and VTEC PRESS SW. When the VTEC solenoid opens and sends sufficient oil pressure to the VTEC pressure switch, the switch opens (becomes discontinuous), and the BLU/BLK wire path to ground through the BRN/YEL becomes disconnected. Since the wire is grounded, the PCM reads 0V on the BLU/BLK wire. The BLU/BLK wire carries 12v from the PCM to the VTEC pressure switch, which is in a normally closed position (continuity) allowing the voltage to be routed through the BRN/YEL wire to G101 ground. The VTEC solenoid activates and sends oil pressure to the VTEC pressure switch. When the PCM wants VTEC, it sends 12v (EDIT - this is a square wave power signal, so it probably does not read 12v on a multimeter) onto the GRN/YEL wire to the VTEC solenoid, which is grounded to G101 through a black wire. Now that everyone can see what I’m referring to, I’ll start by describing the VTEC system as I best understand it. Learn to snowboard & beginner progression Where can I find cheap lift tickets for.? Lastly, this is worth repeating since this is something that we have to constantly clarify (99% of modmail is about this): If your thread was removed without explanation, it most likely belongs in the Daily Discussion Thread. It's regrettable that this has to be said explicitly, but a large number of messages we receive are like this. None of us are paid for this and we're less likely to be lenient with rules if you're an entitled brat about it. QUESTIONS? If you have a question about the rules, send a polite message to the mods and we'll look into it (provide the link to the thread in question too). NO SPAM: As is the policy for all Reddit communities, spam is forbidden. We're 99% sure that someone has already asked the same question you have. Also, the search function is your friend. Also, no repeat posts, please.įOR BEGINNERS: You're welcome to post here, following the rules, but you can also head over to /r/snowboardingnoobs to ask questions. SELLING YOUR GEAR? For sale/trade posts are allowed, but all of the relevant information (description, pictures, location, price/terms) must be posted up front. KEEP IT CIVIL: Heated discussions are fine, but hate speech and unwarranted ad hominem attacks may be grounds for a ban. NO MEMES: even if the meme in question shows actual snowboarding, memes are not allowed in the sub. If you want to submit a picture of your gear or where you ride, please use the Daily Discussion.~~įor riding advice and critique, we have a weekly thread where you can submit your video links if you want tips from the community or feedback on your riding. The general rule is photo and video submissions to /r/snowboarding should be of people actually riding on snowboards. If your thread is removed without explanation, it's most likely because it should be posted there. Please use the DAILY DISCUSSION thread for general Q&A about gear and skills/technique, and any requests for opinions or help, especially for newbie-related questions. As much as we love helping each other out, we really hate repeating ourselves. Please be sure to read the sidebar before posting. We try to keep /r/snowboarding a friendly place for riders of all skill levels. Shreddit - For snowboarders & those who love snowboards. Since it been a dozen years or more since then, I would think it set a base standard for others to follow, but this program seems like a personal tool used by the developers, and it is merely a prettied up script that they probably ran all the time manually, so they automated it. Yes, some of my comment here is duplicate or summary, but overnight I'd been thinking about why this program seemed so wrong, and then I remembered how interactive the original Quarterdeck Clean Sweep was - it used an internal database engine and really analyzed and kept track of what it was offering to do and offered controls and undo. Plus, we can't resize windows, there is no standard menu, no warning before proceeding as to what it will do at each click, no and sequence of steps to help us get familiar with alternatives within the program (if there are any), and it crashes with memory errors and self-exits on my WinXPProSP3 system. This program is essentially a dumb scripting engine that barges ahead through your computer with it's pre-assigned list of tasks regardless of whether or not each individual step is good or bad. Such a "smart" system would also offer an undo, which this program does not offer. Such a pre-scan report with interactive toggles would allow you to review and turn on or off any of it's finding before taking action. Unlike the original Quarterdeck Clean Sweep and many the other sophisticated and intelligent registry cleaners that followed, this program does not utilize and build an internal database to first build an analysis of your system. I have heard 2-4 feet of leader material, but when I push 4 feet of leader I cannot cast as accuratley or with the same amount of force as a shorter leader (the dart cast you showed me). I know there is a bit of info here but please help as I haven’t been able to get answers to these questions:ġ. I try to be judicious with my questions but need your help in these areas. Great Stuff!! I have a couple questions and if I am to post these somewhere else please let me know. I am about a 1month old member and I have watched almost all your videos including your kayak fishing course. Luke to be fair I have asked Tony about these things, but I would really appreciate your feedback as well. To see what I mean, move the handle on a spinning reel over to the right side and give it a whirl. Maybe you don’t have this problem – I note the reel in your video is right handed – but it’s spinning gear for me. Reversing the roles just doesn’t work – I could cast the right handed baitcaster fine – but I couldn’t “fish” it worth a damn. The right arm knows how to do those little “pops” that make the lure hop and swim in the water to trigger strikes, and the left knows how to reel synchronized with that action – and both know what to do on a strike. This taught me something completely unexpected – I have very specialized muscle memory in both arms. I haven’t been able to find a reasonably priced left-handed saltwater model, so I tried out a righthander. I can’t figure out why, with most people being right-handed, the reel manufacturers want us to work lures and fight fish with our left arms while using a right-handed baitcasting reel. I also did a lot of still-water freshwater bass fishing with baitcasting (and spinning) reels in my younger times, but always “left handed” ones. Please enter your P O Box number and correct postal code on the check-out page and we will send your parcel via economy post and email you a tracking number. Please note our couriers are unable to deliver to a P O Box number.įor customers that live in remote areas (farms etc) or do not have someone available to sign for a courier delivery, we can send your order to a Post Box via the South African Post Office. Customers are responsible for having someone at the delivery address during the day to sign for and accept delivery. 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